While there is broad acceptance Canada needs increased immigration levels to offset a shrinking labour market due to an aging population, getting those newcomers integrated quickly is an important challenge.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada knows this, which is why it invests a significant amount of its budget into integration projects designed to get people working in jobs that match their international qualifications.
Experts say key areas for improvement include ultra-local level matching of newcomers with labour market needs. While the federal government gives the power to select a set allocation of immigrant numbers to Canada’s provinces, experts say a need exists for local governments to have their say.
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Bringing in more immigrants with jobs lined up, improving recognition of international qualifications and allowing more international students to remain after graduation are all ways integration can be improved.
The challenge is to bring down the time new immigrants are a draw on Canada’s social support systems. There is a playoff between immigrants being an initial cost to society and the proven long-term economic benefits they provide.
Meanwhile, increased immigration also puts greater demand on housing, roads and recreational facilities., driving up house prices in big cities such as Toronto, Vancouver and more recently Montreal.
Instead of dismissing those who want to see a decrease in immigration numbers as racist, Canada would be better served to learn from the backlash experienced in the U.S. with the election of President Donald Trump, and in Europe with the Brexit vote and the rise of the far right in those jurisdictions.
Canada’s uniquely accepting multi-cultural outlook will help offset a similar movement gaining traction, but politicians would still be wise to exercise caution in a country where more than a fifth of residents were born elsewhere.
Immigration Plan
Ottawa plans to welcome 980,000 new immigrants over the next three years under an ambitious three-year immigration plan announced by the federal government on November 1, 2017. Annual immigration levels could rise to as high as 360,000 by 2020 under the multi-year plan. This would be first time in more than a century that the immigration rate is 1 per cent of the population.
In 2018, the immigration target will rise to 310,000, from the current 300,000 set for 2017. This target could rise to as much as 330,000 under the latest announcement. In 2019, the target will be 330,000, with an upper limit of 350,000 new immigrants. In 2020, the target figure will be 340,000, and the upper limit 360,000.
The managed increases are designed to allow Canada’s integration capacity to grow with the number of new immigrants being welcomed.
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- Canada To Welcome Nearly 1 Million Immigrants Over Next 3 Years
- Canada’s 2018 Provincial Program Immigration Levels
Canada’s Three-Year Immigration Plan
| Immigration category | Category | 2018 – Target | 2019 – Target | 2020 – Target |
| Economic | Federal High Skilled | 74,900 | 81,400 | 85,800 |
| Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program | 1,000 | 2,000 | 4,000 | |
| Caregivers | 17,000 | 14,000 | 5,000 | |
| Federal Business | 700 | 700 | 700 | |
| Provincial Nominee Program | 55,000 | 61,000 | 67,800 | |
| Quebec Skilled Workers and Business | 28,900 | 32,500 | 32,500 | |
| Total Economic | 177,500 | 191,600 | 195,800 | |
| Family | Spouses, Partners, and Children | 66,000 | 68,000 | 70,000 |
| Parents and Grandparents | 20,000 | 20,500 | 21,000 | |
| Total Family | 86,000 | 88,500 | 91,000 | |
| Refugees and Protected Persons | Protected Persons in Canada & Dependents Abroad | 16,000 | 16,500 | 17,000 |
| Resettled Refugees – Government Assisted | 7,500 | 29,150 | 10,000 | |
| Resettled Refugees – Blended Visa Office Referred | 1,500 | 1,650 | 1,700 | |
| Resettled Refugees – Privately Sponsored | 18,000 | 19,000 | 20,000 | |
| Total Refugees and Protected Persons | 43,000 | 45,650 | 48,700 | |
| Humanitarian and Other | Total Humanitarian & Other | 3,500 | 4,250 | 4,500 |
| Overall Planned Permanent Admissions | 310,000 | 330,000 | 340,000 | |
When the Liberal government came to power in 2015, annual immigration levels were in the region of 260,000. In 2016, they increased the annual level to 300,000, including an influx of Syrian refugees as part of a campaign promise. In 2017, the government established 300,000 as the new normal for annual immigration numbers, a figure they now plan to build upon over the next three years.
Managed Increases
While there were calls from certain interest groups for the immigration target to rise to an much as 450,000, the government has been wise to keep the increases manageable and targeted.
The minister emphasized the need to expand efforts to integrate increased numbers of new immigrants, and said there was a critical need to ensure the Canadian economy was able to absorb the number of immigrants welcomed.
Canada stands out among all welcoming countries that invest in robust immigration programs by allocating significant amounts of expenditure on settlement services. The numbers are being increased to record modern-era levels that allows Canada’s integration capacity to grow alongside the numbers of new immigrants.
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